There are the following stages of the tumor:
– Non-infiltrating / non-invasive, superficial carcinomas
- pTa non-invasive to the muscle layer, means mucosal-limited carcinoma
- pTis carcinoma in situ
- pT1 tumor extension to submucosal connective tissue
– Infiltrating / invasive carcinomas:
- pT2 extension to the muscle layer
- pT3 spread through the muscle layer outward
- pT4 extension to the pelvic organs (prostate, cervix, etc.)
- pN1 single metastases in the lymph nodes of the small pelvis
- pN2 multiple metastases in the pelvic lymph nodes
- pN3 lymph node metastases in the area of the common iliac artery
- NX regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
- N0 regional lymph nodes are not affected
- MX distant metastases cannot be assessed
- M0 no distant metastases
- M1 presence of distant metastases
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