There are the following stages of the tumor:
– Non-infiltrating / non-invasive, superficial carcinomas
- pTa non-invasive to the muscle layer, means mucosal-limited carcinoma
- pTis carcinoma in situ
- pT1 tumor extension to submucosal connective tissue
– Infiltrating / invasive carcinomas:
- pT2 extension to the muscle layer
- pT3 spread through the muscle layer outward
- pT4 extension to the pelvic organs (prostate, cervix, etc.)
- pN1 single metastases in the lymph nodes of the small pelvis
- pN2 multiple metastases in the pelvic lymph nodes
- pN3 lymph node metastases in the area of the common iliac artery
- NX regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
- N0 regional lymph nodes are not affected
- MX distant metastases cannot be assessed
- M0 no distant metastases
- M1 presence of distant metastases
Professor, MD, PhD
Head of the Clinic of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Medicine
Head of the Clinic of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Medicine
Professor, MD, PhD
Head of the Clinic for General, Visceral, Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery
Head of the Clinic for General, Visceral, Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery
Professor, MD, PhD
Head of the Clinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiological Oncology
Head of the Clinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiological Oncology
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